Vertigo is a type of dizziness characterized by a sensation of spinning or whirling, often accompanied by nausea, vomiting, and unsteadiness. It is not a specific condition but rather a symptom that can be caused by various underlying issues related to the inner ear, brain, or sensory pathways.

Some common causes of vertigo include:

1. Inner ear disorders: Conditions such as benign paroxysmal positional vertigo (BPPV), Meniere's disease, and vestibular neuritis can affect the inner ear and lead to vertigo.
2. Migraines: Some people experience vertigo as a symptom of migraines, known as vestibular migraines.
3. Infections: Viral or bacterial infections affecting the inner ear can result in vertigo. Vestibular neuritis and labyrinthitis are examples.
4. Head injuries: Trauma to the head can damage the inner ear or the brain and cause vertigo.
5. Certain medications: Some drugs, especially those affecting the central nervous system, may cause dizziness or vertigo as a side effect.
6. Neurological disorders: Conditions like multiple sclerosis or tumors affecting the brain can lead to vertigo.
7. Motion sickness: Some people may experience vertigo or dizziness when exposed to certain types of motion, such as during car rides or boat trips.

The treatment of vertigo depends on its underlying cause. It may include medications, physical therapy exercises, lifestyle modifications, or in some cases, surgical intervention. If someone is experiencing persistent or severe vertigo, it is advisable to consult a healthcare professional for a proper diagnosis and appropriate management.